Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Is Fairly Correlated with Albumin Excretion Rate in Chronic Kidney Disease
Safauldeen Ahmed Alhajim,
Ahmed Aubed Sherhan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
48-52
Received:
30 October 2018
Accepted:
27 November 2018
Published:
24 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.11
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Abstract: Measurement of urine albumin excretion rate (AER) over a 24-h period is considered the gold standard technique for detecting albuminuria. However, the procedure is highly inconvenient for most patients. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of albumin to creatinine ratio in spot urine (UACR) as a surrogate to 24-h urine AER in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study included 92 patients with CKD (51 men and 41 women) admitted to Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital from January to October 2014. The 24-h AER was obtained using 24-h urine samples and the UACR was determined from a morning-void urine sample. Serum creatinine level was determined and general urine examination was performed using standard methods. Patients were divided into three groups according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR; ≥60, 30–59, and 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2). Pearson’s correlation coefficients for ACR vs. 24-h AER were 0.609 (P < 0.0001) and 0.532 (P < 0.0001) for men and women, respectively. In the GFR groups, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were, in the order listed above, 0.681 (P = 0.0001), 0.820 (P = < 0.001), 0.865 (P = 0.002) in men, and 0.721 (P = 0.01), 0.865 (P = 0.002), and 0.756 (P = 0.04) in women. In conclusion UACR determined using morning urine samples is fairley correlated with 24-h urine AER and is more practical and convenient for both the patient and the physician.
Abstract: Measurement of urine albumin excretion rate (AER) over a 24-h period is considered the gold standard technique for detecting albuminuria. However, the procedure is highly inconvenient for most patients. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of albumin to creatinine ratio in spot urine (UACR) as a surrogate to 24-h urine AER in patients with chron...
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The Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on the Levels of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and C-Reactive Proteinin HIV Infected Subjects in Nigeria
Faustina Nkechi Osuji,
Charles Chinedum Onyenekwe,
Nkeiruka Rose Ukaibe,
Joseph Ebere Ahaneku
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
53-59
Received:
26 May 2018
Accepted:
25 December 2018
Published:
17 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.12
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Abstract: The study determined the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the levels of Superoxide dismutase, catalase and C-reactive protein HIV-infected subjects in Nigeria. A total of 50 HIV infected subjects aged 20-69 (39±10) years and 50 HIV seronegative control participantsaged 21-56 (35±10) years were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected at 3 different points: before initiation of HAART, 6 months and 12 months into HAART. The serum levels of C - reactive protein (CRP), catalase, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), CD4 + T cells and viral load counts were measured in these subjects before HAART initiation and at 6 and 12 months after HAART intake. Standard laboratory methods were used in the analysis of these parameters. The results showed that CRP was significantly increased in HIV infected subjects before commencement of HAART and remained significantly increased after 12 months intake of HAART compared to control participants (P<0.01)respectively. SOD, and CD4 were significantly lower before HAART initiation and after 12 months intake of HAART compared to control participants (P<0.01) respectively. Viral load was significantly reduced after 12 months intake of HAART. There was a negative correlation between the viral load and SOD (r=-0.41, P<0.01) and catalase (r=-0.47, P<0.01) and a positive correlation between the viral load and CRP (r=0.48, P<0.01) before HAART initiation. After 12 months of HAART catalase showed a significant negative correlation with viral load (r=-0.37, P<0.05) while CRP showed a positive correlation with viral load (r=0.33, P<0.05). The study shows a persistently elevated CRP and reduced SOD and catalase after 12 months intake of HAART. These biomarkers support a central role of inflammation and oxidative stress in HIV pathogenesis.
Abstract: The study determined the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the levels of Superoxide dismutase, catalase and C-reactive protein HIV-infected subjects in Nigeria. A total of 50 HIV infected subjects aged 20-69 (39±10) years and 50 HIV seronegative control participantsaged 21-56 (35±10) years were recruited for the study. Blood sample...
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