Evaluation of Phlebotomy Services in Clinical Laboratory Setting in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Wondimeneh Liknaw Mekonon,
Aster Tsegaye Abebe,
Eshetu Lemma Haile,
Abay Sisay Misganaw
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
24-33
Received:
18 April 2017
Accepted:
28 April 2017
Published:
23 June 2017
Abstract: Background: Phlebotomy is the system of drawing a blood sample for the use of laboratory testing and for blood transfusion. Professionals who are performing phlebotomy services called phlebotomists. It is a critical part of the pre analytical phase of laboratory testing and is the most neglected procedures in health care. About 70% of the quality of the test are affected during phlebotomy and other pre analytical services. However, little is known about the practice of phlebotomy services in developing countries like Ethiopia. Objectives: To assess the practice of phlebotomists and to identify the major sources of errors during venous blood collection in public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Methodology: Hospital based, cross sectional observational and follow-up study was conducted from March to May 30, 2014. The study followed 40 phlebotomists while each of them was collecting 5 different venous blood collections (giving a total of 200 phlebotomies). Well structured questionnaires and checklists were used to collect data. Data was entered on EPI-Data version 3.1 and statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were employed and the Chi square test was used for comparing major errors observed. Result: Almost all laboratory phlebotomy sites had no Standard Oprating Procedures (SOPs) available in collection sites and most of collection sites were not well ventilated. The major errors identified were use of single glove for more than one client 139 of 200 (69.5%), inappropriate cleaning practice of vein puncture sites 180 of 200 (90%), collecting blood before the disinfectant alcohol dried 139 of 200 (69.5%), incorrect tube collection sequences 107 of 200 (53.5%), unnecessarily applying of tourniquets after blood started flowing in to the collection tubes and syringes 170 of 200 (85.0%) and applying tourniquets before locating and selecting appropriate site for venous blood collection 175 of 200 (87.5%). Conclusion and Recommendation: -Many errors were identified in the phlebotomy practice during the observational study. As the quality of blood specimen influences patient result: emphasis should be given on phlebotomy training to improve the practices for phlebotomists and ensure safety as well as quality during blood collections for laboratory analysis.
Abstract: Background: Phlebotomy is the system of drawing a blood sample for the use of laboratory testing and for blood transfusion. Professionals who are performing phlebotomy services called phlebotomists. It is a critical part of the pre analytical phase of laboratory testing and is the most neglected procedures in health care. About 70% of the quality o...
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Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria
Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru,
Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama,
Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
34-40
Received:
18 July 2017
Accepted:
28 July 2017
Published:
18 August 2017
Abstract: Glycosuria and bacterial infections of patients with prolonged orthopaedic wounds and the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacteria associates was studied between October 2016 and May 2017. A total of 130 male and female respondents aged 18 to 50 years were selected for this study from out – patients and in – patients at Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu, Federal Medical Centre Owerri and 4 major private hospitals in Orlu and Owerri. One hundred and twenty four (82.7%) respondents completed and returned their questionnaires and wound swab was collected from 101 (67.3%) respondents. Thirteen (12.9%) respondents had concomitant infections of 2 bacterial species each and 88 (87.1%) had single bacterial infection each. Five species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were isolated from the patients. A total of 114 bacterial isolates were obtained. The most prevalent isolate (32.7%) was Pseudomonas aeroginosa and the least prevalent bacteria (12.8%) was Streptococcus species. Out of 124 respondents that completed and returned their questionnaires, 66 (53.2%) had wounds caused by vehicle road accident, 40 (32.3%) had wounds caused by assault / domestic violence and 16 (12.9%) had wounds caused by burn. The antibiotic susceptibility of the test isolates showed that ciprofloxacin (ciproxin) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on the test isolates except one strain of Escherichia coli. Ampiclox and Augmentin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on Streptococcus species. Augmentin exhibited the lowest growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Nitrofurantoin exhibited the lowest on Escherichia coli. Urine analysis of the patients showed that 54 (53.5%) out of 101 patients examined had glucose in their urine. Comparative analysis of the data showed that prevalence of long – healing orthopaedic wounds was higher amongst patients with glucose in their urine than those without glucose in their urine. This study has shown that microbial infections which complicate and contribute immensely to long time taken for orthopaedic wounds to heal are treatable with conventional antibiotics available in Nigerian markets and used in Nigerian hospitals.
Abstract: Glycosuria and bacterial infections of patients with prolonged orthopaedic wounds and the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacteria associates was studied between October 2016 and May 2017. A total of 130 male and female respondents aged 18 to 50 years were selected for this study from out – patients and in – patients at Imo State University Teach...
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