Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries

Anthony Chibuogwu Ike; Eleazar Emmanuel Reward; Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga; Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife; Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15

Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries

Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Eleazar Emmanuel Reward, Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife, Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 6 February 2018 Accepted: 28 February 2018 Published: 15 March 2018

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Abstract

In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), with the resolve to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) worldwide by the year 2000. Eighteen years after the intended year of eradication, that target is yet to be achieved. To investigate the reasons behind this, a check of recent publications on poliomyelitis and polio virus was carried out. The databases and websites of institutions and organizations involved in the polio eradication programme were also checked. The findings showed that although the goal of interrupting polio transmission has not been meet, a lot of progress has been made. By 2006, transmission of WPV had been interrupted in all but four countries: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. In February 2012, India was delisted from the list of polio-endemic countries leaving the remaining 3 countries as the only endemic countries in the world. Wild type 2 and 3 viruses have both been eliminated from circulations. The number of polio cases in the remaining endemic countries has reduced drastically. Nigeria is close to the target, but is yet to be certified polio-free, having experienced a setback in 2016. However, as long as transmission of WPV continues in these countries, the world cannot be free from the disease, as these countries serve as reservoirs of infection and sources of export of the virus to other countries. To be able to achieve the target of interrupting the transmission of WPV in the remaining endemic countries, the identified problems, particularly conflict in the countries concerned, will have to be factored into the programmes geared toward eradication of the disease.

Published in	European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15
Page(s)	23-28
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Poliomyelitis, Poliovirus, Eradication, Wild Type, Endemic, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria

References

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APA Style

Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Eleazar Emmanuel Reward, Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife, Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze. (2018). Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15

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ACS Style

Anthony Chibuogwu Ike; Eleazar Emmanuel Reward; Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga; Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife; Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze. Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2018, 6(1), 23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15

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AMA Style

Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Eleazar Emmanuel Reward, Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife, Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze. Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries. Eur J Prev Med. 2018;6(1):23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15,
  author = {Anthony Chibuogwu Ike and Eleazar Emmanuel Reward and Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga and Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife and Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze},
  title = {Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20180601.15},
  abstract = {In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), with the resolve to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) worldwide by the year 2000. Eighteen years after the intended year of eradication, that target is yet to be achieved. To investigate the reasons behind this, a check of recent publications on poliomyelitis and polio virus was carried out. The databases and websites of institutions and organizations involved in the polio eradication programme were also checked. The findings showed that although the goal of interrupting polio transmission has not been meet, a lot of progress has been made. By 2006, transmission of WPV had been interrupted in all but four countries: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. In February 2012, India was delisted from the list of polio-endemic countries leaving the remaining 3 countries as the only endemic countries in the world. Wild type 2 and 3 viruses have both been eliminated from circulations. The number of polio cases in the remaining endemic countries has reduced drastically. Nigeria is close to the target, but is yet to be certified polio-free, having experienced a setback in 2016. However, as long as transmission of WPV continues in these countries, the world cannot be free from the disease, as these countries serve as reservoirs of infection and sources of export of the virus to other countries. To be able to achieve the target of interrupting the transmission of WPV in the remaining endemic countries, the identified problems, particularly conflict in the countries concerned, will have to be factored into the programmes geared toward eradication of the disease.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries
AU  - Anthony Chibuogwu Ike
AU  - Eleazar Emmanuel Reward
AU  - Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga
AU  - Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife
AU  - Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze
Y1  - 2018/03/15
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15
T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
SP  - 23
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8230
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15
AB  - In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), with the resolve to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) worldwide by the year 2000. Eighteen years after the intended year of eradication, that target is yet to be achieved. To investigate the reasons behind this, a check of recent publications on poliomyelitis and polio virus was carried out. The databases and websites of institutions and organizations involved in the polio eradication programme were also checked. The findings showed that although the goal of interrupting polio transmission has not been meet, a lot of progress has been made. By 2006, transmission of WPV had been interrupted in all but four countries: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. In February 2012, India was delisted from the list of polio-endemic countries leaving the remaining 3 countries as the only endemic countries in the world. Wild type 2 and 3 viruses have both been eliminated from circulations. The number of polio cases in the remaining endemic countries has reduced drastically. Nigeria is close to the target, but is yet to be certified polio-free, having experienced a setback in 2016. However, as long as transmission of WPV continues in these countries, the world cannot be free from the disease, as these countries serve as reservoirs of infection and sources of export of the virus to other countries. To be able to achieve the target of interrupting the transmission of WPV in the remaining endemic countries, the identified problems, particularly conflict in the countries concerned, will have to be factored into the programmes geared toward eradication of the disease.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Anthony Chibuogwu Ike

Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Eleazar Emmanuel Reward

Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga

Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife

Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze

Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

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Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Eleazar Emmanuel Reward, Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife, Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze. (2018). Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15

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ACS Style

Anthony Chibuogwu Ike; Eleazar Emmanuel Reward; Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga; Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife; Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze. Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2018, 6(1), 23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15

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AMA Style

Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Eleazar Emmanuel Reward, Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife, Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze. Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries. Eur J Prev Med. 2018;6(1):23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15,
  author = {Anthony Chibuogwu Ike and Eleazar Emmanuel Reward and Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga and Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife and Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze},
  title = {Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20180601.15},
  abstract = {In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), with the resolve to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) worldwide by the year 2000. Eighteen years after the intended year of eradication, that target is yet to be achieved. To investigate the reasons behind this, a check of recent publications on poliomyelitis and polio virus was carried out. The databases and websites of institutions and organizations involved in the polio eradication programme were also checked. The findings showed that although the goal of interrupting polio transmission has not been meet, a lot of progress has been made. By 2006, transmission of WPV had been interrupted in all but four countries: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. In February 2012, India was delisted from the list of polio-endemic countries leaving the remaining 3 countries as the only endemic countries in the world. Wild type 2 and 3 viruses have both been eliminated from circulations. The number of polio cases in the remaining endemic countries has reduced drastically. Nigeria is close to the target, but is yet to be certified polio-free, having experienced a setback in 2016. However, as long as transmission of WPV continues in these countries, the world cannot be free from the disease, as these countries serve as reservoirs of infection and sources of export of the virus to other countries. To be able to achieve the target of interrupting the transmission of WPV in the remaining endemic countries, the identified problems, particularly conflict in the countries concerned, will have to be factored into the programmes geared toward eradication of the disease.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries
AU  - Anthony Chibuogwu Ike
AU  - Eleazar Emmanuel Reward
AU  - Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga
AU  - Obianuju Obiajulu Nnabuife
AU  - Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Alexandra Orabueze
Y1  - 2018/03/15
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15
T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
SP  - 23
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8230
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20180601.15
AB  - In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), with the resolve to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) worldwide by the year 2000. Eighteen years after the intended year of eradication, that target is yet to be achieved. To investigate the reasons behind this, a check of recent publications on poliomyelitis and polio virus was carried out. The databases and websites of institutions and organizations involved in the polio eradication programme were also checked. The findings showed that although the goal of interrupting polio transmission has not been meet, a lot of progress has been made. By 2006, transmission of WPV had been interrupted in all but four countries: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. In February 2012, India was delisted from the list of polio-endemic countries leaving the remaining 3 countries as the only endemic countries in the world. Wild type 2 and 3 viruses have both been eliminated from circulations. The number of polio cases in the remaining endemic countries has reduced drastically. Nigeria is close to the target, but is yet to be certified polio-free, having experienced a setback in 2016. However, as long as transmission of WPV continues in these countries, the world cannot be free from the disease, as these countries serve as reservoirs of infection and sources of export of the virus to other countries. To be able to achieve the target of interrupting the transmission of WPV in the remaining endemic countries, the identified problems, particularly conflict in the countries concerned, will have to be factored into the programmes geared toward eradication of the disease.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download