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Uric Acid Concentration in Patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia Presenting with Vaso-Occlusive Crises in Uch, Ibadan
Odebiyi Hassan Abiola,
Fasola Foluke Atinuke
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
155-161
Received:
6 October 2020
Accepted:
21 October 2020
Published:
30 October 2020
Abstract: Sickle cell anaemia is a point mutation characterized by homozygous inheritance of HbS, the commonest presenting symptoms in patients with sickle cell anaemia is vaso-occlusive bone pain crisis; this is an acute exacerbation of chronic inflammatory state in them. Elevated serum uric acid is associated with increased oxidative state, inflammation, hyperhaemolysis and sickle cell nephropathy in adult patients with sickle cell disease. There are inconsistence findings on uric acid concentration during vaso-occlusive pain crisis in patients with sickle cell disease. This study compares uric acid concentration in sickle cell disease patients with bone pain crisis, steady state and HbA individuals. It also correlates uric acid concentration with the severity of vaso-occlusive crisis in patients with sickle cell disease using bone pain crisis as a prototype of a vaso-occlusive crisis. Thirty each of sex and age-matched adult patients with sickle cell anaemia in a bone pain crisis, steady state and HbA were recruited in this study. Total summary pain score was used for assessment of bone pain crisis severity, 23 parameters automated haematology analyzer was used to measure haematological parameters. Plasma uric acid concentration was determined by Uricase method using the Landwind LWC 100 plus automated analyzer machine. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Biochemical parameters were correlated with the severity of bone pain crisis. Plasma uric acid concentration of mild BPC, moderate BPC and severe BPC were not significantly different from those of steady state group (p=0.523, 0.543 and 1.000 respectively) There was also no significant correlation in the mean plasma uric acid concentration in mild BPC, moderate BPC and severe BPC (Correlation coefficient (r)=0.212, p-value=0.372). In conclusion, this study established that though the uric acid concentration was higher in patients with SCA presenting with severe bone pains crisis than those with mild bone pain crisis and moderate bone pain crisis. However, there was no significant correlation between uric acid concentration and severity of bone pain crisis.
Abstract: Sickle cell anaemia is a point mutation characterized by homozygous inheritance of HbS, the commonest presenting symptoms in patients with sickle cell anaemia is vaso-occlusive bone pain crisis; this is an acute exacerbation of chronic inflammatory state in them. Elevated serum uric acid is associated with increased oxidative state, inflammation, h...
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Updates on the Current Antivirals Therapy for the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini-Review
Mahmoud Radwan,
Aymen Elsous,
Rizwana Hussain
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
162-166
Received:
22 October 2020
Accepted:
6 November 2020
Published:
19 November 2020
Abstract: Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a global public health threat and announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the absence of vaccine development for the COVID-19, one of the most common and currently implemented ways to combat the COVID-19 is to test the currently used antivirals through vitro and vivo trials. Objective: This mini-review aims at reviewing the latest available evidence on the potentially effective and safe antiviral drugs that can be used for controlling the COVID-19. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) were rapidly searched from 30 March to 2nd of October 2020 on studies reporting clinical outcomes of antivirals against SARS, MERS, or COVID-19. Findings/Conclusion: Currently, many antivirals that have been used with previous infectious diseases, are being used to treat the COVID-19 infection. Most of the observational studies and the RCTs have provided mixed or confusing findings. Due to the lack of reliable evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), no effective antiviral drug proved its efficacy and safety against the COVID-19. This rapid review focuses mainly on the latest findings of the most common used antivirals, hoping to continue the next reviews once we have stronger published RCTs based evidence.
Abstract: Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a global public health threat and announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the absence of vaccine development for the COVID-19, one of the most common and currently implemented ways to combat the COVID-19 is to test the currently used antivirals thr...
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Cell Block Preparation for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid; Cost Effective Method in a Resource Poor Setting
Hiroshani Hansamali Kulatunga,
Ajith Aloka Pathirana,
Neluka Fernando,
Bawantha Gamage,
Apsara Epa,
Asanga Sampath,
Cherine Sosai,
Bimalka Seneviratne
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
167-173
Received:
4 November 2020
Accepted:
27 November 2020
Published:
4 December 2020
Abstract: Over the past thirty years thyroid tumor incidence has triplicated and it is currently 7% of a given population. However, interestingly the thyroid cancer incidence is quite low and is approximately 5-10% of the thyroid tumor patients. Expeditious diagnosis of the thyroid nodules at the pre surgery stage is important to determine the tumor prognosis. A Widely used diagnostic approach is the direct observation of the fine needle aspiration specimens. However, using only this method many reported cases of unnecessary surgeries and re-operative incidents due to false diagnosis at the preoperative stage have been observed. Poor cellularity, loss of tissue architecture, poor cytomorphologic features in fine needle aspiration smears leads to incorrect diagnosis. Cell block technique is a better diagnostic approach at the pre-operative stage to overcome the pitfalls in direct smears as it concentrates the cells and preserve tissue architecture. Further, multiple sections with same cellularity can be prepared from a single cell block allowing the use for more advanced techniques like immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis. Cell block technique strengthen the diagnosis of tumors by fine needle aspiration specimens. Combined use of cell block technique with fine needle aspiration can reach to a sensitivity of about 95-100% suggesting that every FNAC specimen should be subjected to cell block preparation whenever possible.
Abstract: Over the past thirty years thyroid tumor incidence has triplicated and it is currently 7% of a given population. However, interestingly the thyroid cancer incidence is quite low and is approximately 5-10% of the thyroid tumor patients. Expeditious diagnosis of the thyroid nodules at the pre surgery stage is important to determine the tumor prognosi...
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Association Between Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Serum Zinc Levels in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
Mohammad Anwar Hossain,
Mohammad Nazmul Huda,
Mohammad Ekramul Islam,
Ashik Mosaddik,
Saiful Islam,
Quddusur Rahman,
Firoza Begum,
Sheikh Mizanur Rahman,
Tarun Kanti Paul
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
174-179
Received:
21 November 2020
Accepted:
9 December 2020
Published:
16 December 2020
Abstract: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical condition in the first week of neonatal life. The common causes are haemolytic disease of the newborn (rhesus), ABO incompatibility, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, spherocytosis and infection. Any study was not conducted in Bangladesh to find out the correlation between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and zinc level. So, the objective of this was to evaluate the correlation between the level of serum zinc and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. This cross sectional study was done at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 594 numbers of sample were collected from neonatology department of BSMMU from January 2016 to April 2019 and samples were divided in two groups. Case group and control group consists 319 and 275 numbers of sample respectively. All the laboratory parameters were done at clinical pathology department of BSMMU by automated analyzer machine and strictly followed quality control. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. The result showed that the level of serum bilirubin was 171.14 mg/L and 35.42 mg/L and the level of serum zinc was (0.50 mg/L) and (0.68mg/L) in case and control group respectively. The bilirubin level was significantly (p<0.001) high in case group and zinc level was significantly (p<0.001) decreased in case group when compared with control group. Is also showed there was a significant (p value<0.001) correlation between hyperbilirubinemia and serum zinc level in this study. Therefore, it can be concluded, the deficiency of zinc may have a relationship followed by in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Abstract: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical condition in the first week of neonatal life. The common causes are haemolytic disease of the newborn (rhesus), ABO incompatibility, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, spherocytosis and infection. Any study was not conducted in Bangladesh to find out the correlation between neonatal hyperb...
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Spectrum of Histopathological Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis as a Systemic Parasitic Infection in the North-West Nigeria
Abdullahi kabiru,
Rasheed Mumini Wemimo,
Mohammed Umar,
Adegboye Adeyemi Taiwo,
Afolayan Enoch Abiodun,
Aliyu Salihu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
180-184
Received:
12 June 2020
Accepted:
28 June 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: Introduction: Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases transmitted by freshwater snail in the slow-moving water of tropical rivers and ranks second among the most widespread parasitic disease in various nations in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology: This is a 10-year retrospective study of all cases of schistosomiasis seen in the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Sokoto between January 2008 and December 2017. All the cases of schistosomiasis diagnosed was retrieved from the surgical pathology register. The patients’ biodata and symptoms was retrieved from patients’ folder. The specimens were processed with 10% Neutral buffered formalin, stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and reported by the pathologist at the study centre. The 2016 WHO classification of the urinary system and male genital organs were used to classify the tumours. Results: A hundred and fifty-nine patients were analysed with schistosomiasis of varying systems range from gastrointestinal, prostate, genitourinary and 38 cases of malignancies of the urinary bladder with associated schistosomiasis and prostate. In the gastrointestinal system, the appendiceal schistosomiasis accounted for 21(80.8%), rectum 3 (11.5%) and sigmoid colon 2 cases (7.7%). Benign prostatic hyperplasia with schistosomiasis accounted for 1 case (25.0%) while 3 cases (75.0%) of prostatic adenocarcinoma with schistosomiasis showed age range of 45 to 78 years. There are one hundred and eleven (111) cases of urinary bladder schistosomiasis which accounted for 86.0%, male to female ratio of 10:1 and age range from 9.0 to 78.0 years. There are 27 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder associated with schistosomiasis accounted for 65.8% while adenocarcinoma showed 4 cases (9.7%). Moderately differentiated SCC accounted for the largest degree of tumour differentiation associated with schistosomiasis accounted for 69.6%. Terminal haematuria is the most common symptom of urinary bladder schistosomiasis accounted for 102 cases (64.2%), followed by suprapubic abdominal pain 52 (32.5%), weight loss 30 (18.9%) for patients with malignancy Conclusion: Schistosomiasis is a public health disease in endemic regions in African countries with proper documentation on the its pathogenesis, risk factors and effective treatment and complications if left untreated. Thus, mobilization of appropriate resources to help the vulnerable in order to reduce morbidity and mortalities is very crucial.
Abstract: Introduction: Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases transmitted by freshwater snail in the slow-moving water of tropical rivers and ranks second among the most widespread parasitic disease in various nations in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology: This is a 10-year retrospective study of all cases of schistosomiasis seen in the Depa...
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